Metal Injection Molding

Metal Injection Molding Material Properties

MIM material need chemistry modification to withstand complex metal injection molding process. As various materials are available for metal injection molding, we divided these metal material into following types in functional area:

Ferrous alloys: steel, stainless steel, tool steel, low alloy steel, iron-nickel alloy, special ferrous alloys like Invar and Kovar.

Tungsten alloys: tungsten heavy alloys and tungsten-copper

Hard materials: cemented carbides (WC-Co), and cermets (Fe-TiC)

Special materials: precious metals, titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium, nickel, nickel-base super alloys, molybdenum, molybdenum-copper, and particulate composites

At ZCMIM, we specialize in stainless steel, low alloy steel and special alloys for MIM. In addition, we can also provide special or custom materials for any property requirement.

Stainless Steel

Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process can achieve high density, enhance strength, ductility and corrosion resistance of stainless steel. All these materials are manufactured form pre-alloyed or elemental blend stainless steel with different grades as austenitic, ferritic, martensitic and precipitation hardening.

Stainless Steel 316L

Stainless steel 316L (UNS S31603) is widely applied in reason of its characteristics of high creep resistance, excellent form-ability, high corrosion and pitting resistance. This metal also has excellent elongation and ductility , and non-magnetic. Components of this metal are used in electronic, marine and medical industry. MIM stainless steel 316L is safe for food and water storage in reason of its high strength and corrosion resistance characters. These properties can resist potential of break down and chronic corrosion in contact with acids. Low carbon and high alloy consistence ensure MIM 316L is great fit for food grade application. ZCMIM has widely application in watch case, electronic component, watch strap with stainless steel 316L, in order to guarantee its great surface appearance and corrosion resistance requirement.

Composition

Stainless steel 316L	Iron	Nickel	Molybdenum	Silicon	Carbon	Chromium	Phosphorus	Manganese	Nitrogen	Sulfur
Percent by Weight	BaL.	10.00-14.00	2.00-3.00	0.75	0.03	16.00-18.00	0.045	2.00	0.10	0.030

Mechanical properties

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

Stainless steel 316L

7.8g/cm³

515Mpa

175Mpa

190J

67HRB

50%

Stainless Steel 304

Stainless steel 304（UNS No.S30400）has similar mechanical properties as 316L, while it’s less corrosion resistant than 316L. In addition, its material price is less than 316L.

Composition

Stainless steel 304	Iron	Nickel	Silicon	Carbon	Chromium	Phosphorus	Manganese	Nitrogen	Sulfur
Percent by Weight	BaL.	8.00-10.50	0.75	0.08	18.00-20.00	0.045	2.00	0.10	0.030

Mechanical properties

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

Stainless steel 304

7.8g/cm³

515Mpa

175Mpa

63HRB

50%

Stainless Steel 420

Stainless steel 420 (UNS No. S42000) is combination of high strength, hardness and wear resistance with moderate corrosion resistance. This martensitic grade stainless steel is magnetic and less distortion with vacuum heat treatment. It’s always applied for automotive, aerospace, cutlery and tools.

Composition

Stainless steel 420	Iron	Silicon	Carbon	Chromium	Phosphorus	Manganese	Sulfur
Percent by Weight	BaL.	1.00	0.15	12.00-14.00	0.040	1.00	0.030

Mechanical properties

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

Stainless Steel 420

7.7g/cm³

1737Mpa

1282Mpa

82J

45HRC

3.5%

Stainless Steel 440C

Stainless steel 440C (UNS No. S44004) is martensitic grade, this alloy has excellent strength, hardness and wear resistance. This stainless steel is used for high strength, hardness and wear resistance requirement, such as automotive, hand tools and sporting equipment.

Composition

Stainless steel 440C	Iron	Silicon	Carbon	Chromium	Manganese	Molybdenum
Percent by Weight	BaL.	1.00	0.95-1.2	16.00-18.00	1.00	0.75

Mechanical properties as HIP&Vacuum Heat Treatment

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

Stainless steel 440C

7.6g/cm³

1655Mpa

1241Mpa

115J

49HRC

Stainless Steel 17-4 PH

Stainless steel 17-4 PH (UNS No. S17400) is precipitation harden grade, this alloy provides good balance between corrosion resistance and strength. Its hardness can varied to different strength levels with different heat-treating temperature.

Composition

Stainless Steel 17-4	Iron	Nickel	Silicon	Carbon	Chromium	Niobium	Manganese	Copper	Sulfur
Percent by Weight	BaL.	3.00-5.00	1.00	0.07	15.50-17.50	0.15-0.45	1.00	3.00-5.00	0.03

In reason of low carbon content in stainless steel 17-4PH, it has better corrosion resistance than 400 series stainless steels. Modifying temperature during heating treatment can achieve wide rage of hardness and properties. This encourages its wide application in aircraft, dental , medical and surgical industries.

Mechanical properties as Sintered

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

Stainless Steel 17-4 PH

7.5g/cm³

896Mpa

730Mpa

140J

27HRC

Mechanical properties as Heat treatment

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

Stainless Steel 17-4 PH

7.5g/cm³

1186Mpa

1089Mpa

140J

33HRC

Mechanical properties of H900

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

stainless steel 17-4 H900

7.7g/cm³

1206Mpa

1089Mpa

140J

40HRC

Mechanical properties of H1100

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

Stainless steel 17-4 H1100

7.7g/cm³

1000Mpa

910Mpa

140J

34HRC

12%

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Low Alloy Steel

Fe-based alloy is also called as low alloy steel, which is generally used for structural applications, in reason of high hardness and strength in property.

MIM 4605

MIM 4605 has exceptional strength and good ductility through MIM process, it has wide usage in industry of automotive, consumer products and hand tools.

Composition

MIM-4605	Iron	Silicon	Carbon	Nickel	Molybdenum
Percent by Weight	BaL.	1.00	0.40-0.60	1.50-2.50	0.20-0.50

Mechanical properties as Sintered

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

MIM-4605

7.5g/cm³

440Mpa

205Mpa

70J

48 HRB

15%

Quench and temper heat treatment can be applied for this alloy, in order to create various strength and wear resistance properties. Normally, we can produce low hardness and high hardness special types as following:

Mechanical properties of Low Hardness(Quenched & Tempered)

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

MIM-4605

7.5g/cm³

1151Mpa

1034Mpa

38J

36 HRC

Mechanical properties of High Hardness(Quenched & Tempered)

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

MIM-4605

7.5g/cm³

1655Mpa

1480Mpa

55J

48 HRC

MIM Fe2.5%Si

MIM Fe2.5%Si is a hardenable steel with silicon compositions, which has good magnetic properties, tensile strength, hardness and wear resistance. It can be plated or coated for corrosion resistance. This alloy is used for armatures, relays and other electrical AC and DC applications.

Composition

MIM-Fe2.5%Si	Iron	Silicon	Carbon	RoHS Compliant
Percent by Weight	BaL.	2.25-2.75	0.06	Yes

Mechanical properties

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

MIM-Fe2.5%Si

7.6g/cm³

483Mpa

338Mpa

82HRB

24%

MIM Fe3%Si

MIM Fe3%Si has low core losses and high electrical resistance in AC and DC application, such as solenoids, armatures and relays. It is particular suitable for net shape forming by MIM method.

Composition

MIM-Fe3%Si	Iron	Silicon	Carbon	RoHS Compliant
Percent by Weight	Bal.	2.5-3.5	0.05	Yes

Mechanical properties as Sintered

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

MIM-Fe3%Si

7.6g/cm³

227Mpa

151Mpa

80HRB

24%

MIM Fe50%Ni

MIM Fe50%Ni has hall mark magnetic properties of high permeability and low coercive field, it is widely used for magnetic shielding applications, such as motors, switches and relays.

Composition

MIM-Fe50%Ni	Iron	Nickel	Silicon	Carbon	RoHS Compliant
Percent by Weight	Bal.	49-51	1.00	0.05	Yes

Mechanical properties as Sintered

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

MIM-Fe50%Ni

7.8g/cm³

468Mpa

165Mpa

50HRB

30%

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Special MIM Alloy

These MIM material are manufactured from alloy powder or mixture of iron and other elements as nickel, chromium, cobalt and silicon. These alloys including some soft-magnetic materials, which is easily magnetized and demagnetized.

Copper Alloy

Copper alloy is commonly applied for its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. Sintered copper parts can be treated as wrought copper parts in process of machining, plating, brazing, crimping and staking. Copper alloy has wide applications in miniaturization, sophistication design, thermal and electrical conductivity requirement. Such as heat sinks, fuel cells, sensors and computer processor chips.

Mechanical properties as Sintered

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

Copper alloy

8.5g/cm³

165Mpa

148Mpa

30%

Titanium Alloy

Ti-6Al-4V (UNS R56400) is the most widely applied titanium in ZCMIM. It has excellent corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratio, good fatigue resistance. It is normally used for medical implants and prosthese.

Composition

Ti-6Al-4V	Titanium	Aluminum	Vanadium	Iron	Carbon
Percent by Weight	Balance	5.5-6.75	3.50-4.50	0.30	0.08

Mechanical properties

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

Ti-6Al-4V

4.5g/cm³

950Mpa

920Mpa

36HRC

18%

Nickel Alloy

Nickel alloy is widely used for applications with electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance requirement.

Mechanical properties as Sintered

Material

Density

Marco

(apparent)

Nickel alloy

8.6g/cm³

53HRC

ASTM F15

ASTM F15 (UNS 39121337) is also known as Kovar, which is a controlled expansion alloy applied for high integrity glass and ceramic to metal seals. It provide hermetic seals for electronic optical fiber and electronic package base, such as splitters, dual in-line packages and micro-electronic mechanical systems. Kavor is made of nickel, cobalt and iron. This alloy is design to satisfy technology demand in computer, microwave, semiconductor and space.

Composition

ASTM F15	Iron	Nickel	Molybdenum	Silicon	Carbon	Chromium	Cobalt	Copper	Niobium
Percent by Weight	BaL.	29	0.20	0.20	0.04	0.20	17	0.20	0.10
	Magnesium	Titanium	Zirconium	Aluminum	RoHS Compliant
	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	Yes

Mechanical properties as Sintered

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

ASTM F15

7.7g/cm³

450Mpa

305Mpa

65HRB

25%

ASTM F75

ASTM F75 (UNS R30075) is a no-magnetic Cobalt Chrome alloy. This alloy is widely applied in medical industry due to its excellent properties of bio-compatibility, corrosion resistance, high strength, non-magnetic , wear resistance. CoCr alloys are widely applied within orthopedics, powder generation and dental area.

Composition

ASTM F75	Iron	Nickel	Molybdenum	Silicon	Carbon	Chromium	Cobalt	RoHS Compliant
Percent by Weight	0.75	1.0	5.00-7.00	1.00	0.15	26-30	BaL.	Yes

Mechanical properties as HIP

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

ASTM F75

8.3g/cm³

992Mpa

551Mpa

177J

25 HRC

30%

ASTM F1537

ASTM F1537 (UNS R31537) has similar composition to ASTM F75, which is also widely used in medical industry with wear resistance, bio-compatibility, corrosion resistance and nonmagnetic properties.

Composition

ASTM F1537	Iron	Nickel	Molybdenum	Silicon	Carbon	Chromium	Cobalt	Niobium	RoHS Compliant
Percent by Weight	0.75	0.25	5.00-7.00	1.00	0.10-0.35	26-30	BaL.	1.00	Yes

Mechanical properties as HIP

Material

Density

Tensile

Strength

Yield Strength(0.2%)

Impact

Strength

Macro

(apparent)

Elongation

(% in 25.4mm)

ASTM F1537

8.3g/cm³

1103Mpa

85Mpa

80J

32HRC

27%

Metal Injection Molding Material Properties

Stainless Steel

Stainless Steel 316L

Composition

Mechanical properties

Stainless Steel 304

Composition

Mechanical properties

Stainless Steel 420

Composition

Mechanical properties

Stainless Steel 440C

Composition

Mechanical properties as HIP&Vacuum Heat Treatment

Stainless Steel 17-4 PH

Composition

Mechanical properties as Sintered

Mechanical properties as Heat treatment

Mechanical properties of H900

Mechanical properties of H1100

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Low Alloy Steel

MIM 4605

Composition

Mechanical properties as Sintered

Mechanical properties of Low Hardness(Quenched & Tempered)

Mechanical properties of High Hardness(Quenched & Tempered)

MIM Fe2.5%Si

Composition

Mechanical properties

MIM Fe3%Si

Composition

Mechanical properties as Sintered

MIM Fe50%Ni

Composition

Mechanical properties as Sintered

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Special MIM Alloy

Copper Alloy

Mechanical properties as Sintered

Titanium Alloy

Composition

Mechanical properties

Nickel Alloy

Mechanical properties as Sintered

ASTM F15

Composition

Mechanical properties as Sintered

ASTM F75

Composition

Mechanical properties as HIP

ASTM F1537

Composition

Mechanical properties as HIP

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